Pansy (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.)

Pansy - black class
Accord/Banner Black 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.7 6.7 5.7 a
Halloween 5.3NS 6.3NS 6.5NS 6.0NS 7.0NS 7.0NS 6.0NS 6.7NS 6.4NS 5.4 b
Best of class:  Accord/Banner Black, Goldsmith Seed

Pansy - blue, dark class

Scala Mid Blue 4.5 4.0 6.0 4.8 7.0 5.5 2.8 5.1 5.0 4.7
Best of class:  Scala Mid Blue, PanAmerican
Pansy - blue shades class
Baby Bingo Sky Blue 6.0 abY 5.5 a 7.0 a 6.2 a 6.8 5.8 a 5.8 a 6.1 a 6.2 a 5.3 a
Bingo Azure Clear 5.8 b 5.0 ab 6.0 b 5.6 bc 7.0 3.8 b 4.0 b 4.9 b 5.3 c 4.7 c
Dynamite Beacon Blue 6.5 a 5.3 a 6.0 b 5.6 ab 7.0 6.3 a 3.3 b 5.5 a 5.7 b 5.0 b
Dynamite Light Blue 5.5 b 5.0 ab 6.0 b 5.5 c 7.0 3.0 b 4.3 b 4.8 b 5.2 c 4.6 c
Scala Sky Blue 5.5 b 5.3 a 6.0 b 5.6 bc 7.0NS 4.0 b 3.3 b 4.8 b 5.2 c 4.5 c
Best of class:  Baby Bingo Sky Blue, PanAmerican
Pansy - blue w/dark eye class
Baby Bingo Blue With Blotchz 3.0 ef 3.3 e 4.8 de 3.7 gh 7.0 a 7.0 a 3.5 5.9 ab 4.8 d 5.0 d
Baby Bingo Experimental
     Marina Shades 6.0 a 6.5 a 7.0 a 6.5 a 6.5 b 6.5 ab 5.5 6.2 a 6.4 a 5.9 a
Bingo Blue With Blotch 2.5 f 3.3 e 6.0 b 3.9 fg 7.0 a 7.0 a 2.8 5.6 b 4.8 d 4.6 de
Bingo Blue Frost 4.5 bc 4.0 de 5.5 bc 4.7 cd 7.0 a 7.0 a 3.3 5.8 ab 5.2 cb 4.5 e
Bingo Light Blue W/B 5.3 ab 5.5 b 6.0 b 5.6 b 7.0 a 4.8 c 3.0 4.9 c 5.3 cb 4.8 bcd
Dynamite Blue W/B 3.5 de 4.5 cd 5.3 cd 4.4 de 7.0 a 7.0 a 4.5 6.2 a 5.3 cb 4.7 cde
Dynamite Ocean 2.5 f 3.3 e 4.3 e 3.4 h 6.0 c 4.0 c 2.8 4.2 d 3.8 e 4.0 f
Majestic Giant Supreme
     Blue & White W/B 3.5 de 3.8 ef 5.8 bc 4.3 def 7.0 a 7.0 a 4.5 6.2 a 5.3 cb 4.6 de
Majestic Giant Supreme
     Deep Blue W/B 3.3 ef 3.5 ef 5.8 bc 4.2 ef 7.0 a 6.0 ab 4.3 5.8 ab 5.0 cd 4.6 de
Majestic Giant Supreme
     Mid Blue W/B 3.0 ef 3.8 ef 6.0 b 4.2 ef 6.5 b 5.8 b 4.3 5.5 b 4.9 d 4.5 e
Scala Blue W/B 4.3 cd 5.0 bc 6.0 b 5.1 c 6.8 ab 7.0 a 4.0NS 5.9 ab 5.5 b 5.0 bc
Best of class:  Baby Bingo Experimental Marina Shades, PanAmerican Seed
Pansy - mix class
Baby Bingo All-Seasons 5.8 4.8 a 5.5 5.4 abc 7.0 7.0 a 4.5 b 6.2 a 5.8 a 5.4 a
Baby Bingo Autumn Blaze 5.8 5.0 a 6.0 5.6 ab 7.0 7.0 a 5.0 ab 6.4 a 6.0 abc 5.2 a
Baby Bingo Winter Blues 5.5 5.5 a 6.0 5.7 ab 7.0 6.5a 5.5 a 6.3 a 6.0 ab 5.4 a
Dynamite Blotch Mixed 4.5 4.8 a 5.3 4.8 c 7.0 5.0 b 3.3 c 5.1 b 5.0 d 4.6 b
Dynamite Clear Mixed 5.5 4.8 a 5.3 5.2 bc 7.0  6.5 a 4.5 b 6.0 a 5.6 c 4.8 b
Trick or Treat 5.8 5.3 a 5.8 5.6 ab 7.0 7.0 a 5.3 ab 6.4 a 6.0 a 5.2 a
Ultima Impression Mixed 5.8NS 5.5 a 6.0 5.9 a 7.0NS 7.0 a 5.5 a 6.5 a 6.2 a 5.2 a
Best of class:  Baby Bingo All Seasons Mix, PanAmerican Seed
Pansy - orange class
Scala Pure Orange Improved 3.8 3.3 5.3 4.1 7.0 7.0 4.5 6.2 5.1 4.3
Best of class:  Scala Pure Orange Improved, PanAmerican Seed - uncontested
Pansy - purple class
Dynamite Lavender 5.3 5.3 6.0 5.4 7.0 6.3 4.5 5.9 5.7 4.9
Fama Lilac Shades 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.3 7.0 5.3 6.2 6.0 4.8
Lavender Cool Shades 5.0NS 6.0NS 6.3NS 5.8NS 6.8NS 7.0NS 5.3NS 6.1NS 5.9NS 5.0NS
Best of class:  Lavender Cool Shades, PanAmerican Seed
Pansy - purple, dark class
Accord/Banner Purple 4.3 5.3 6.0 5.2 6.5 7.0 4.5 6.0 5.6 a 4.8
Dynamite Purple 3.8 4.8 6.0 4.9 7.0NS 7.0NS 3.8NS 5.9NS 5.4 b 4.8NS
Fama Purple --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Pansy - purple w/dark eye class
Bingo Deep Purple 3.0 d 3.0 c 5.5 b 3.9 c 7.0 a 5.0 b 3.8 d 5.3 d 4.5 c 4.5 d
Baby Bingo Demin 3.5 cd 4.8 a 6.0 a 4.8 b 5.8 b 7.0 a 5.5 ab 6.1 c 5.4 b 5.2 ab
Baby Bingo Experimental
     Denim 4.8 a 4.8 a 6.0 a 5.2 a 7.0 a 7.0 a 5.8 ab 6.6 ab 5.9 a 5.4 a
Baby Bingo Midnight 4.0 bc 4.3 ab 6.0 a 4.8 b 7.0 a 7.0 a 5.3 bc 6.4 abc 5.6 ab 5.0 b
Baby Bingo Purple w/Face 3.8 bc 4.3 ab 6.0 a 4.7 b 7.0 a 7.0 a 6.0 a 6.7 a 5.7 ab   5.3 a
Majestic Giant Supreme
     Purple W/B 4.3 ab 4.0 b 6.0 a 4.8 b 7.0 a 7.0 a 4.8 c 6.2 bc 5.5 b 4.7 c
Best of class:  Baby Bingo Experimental Denim, PanAmerican Seed
Pansy - purple w/light eye class
Baby Bingo Lavender Blue 5.3 a 5.8 a 6.8 a 5.9 a 7.0 7.0 6.8 a 6.9 a 6.4 a 5.8 a
Purple Jester 4.8 a 3.8 b 5.8 b 4.8 b 7.0 7.0 5.3 c 6.4 b 5.6 b 4.7 c
Purple Rain 3.0 b 3.8 b 5.5 b 4.1 c 7.0NS 7.0NS 6.0 b 6.7 a 5.4 b 5.4 b
Best of class:  Baby Bingo Lavender Blue, PanAmerican Seed
Pansy - purple/white class
Accord Purple Picotee 5.0 b 5.3 b 6.3 a 5.5 b 6.3 7.0 4.5 b 5.9 c 6.4 a 4.8 b
Baby Bingo Beaconsfield 6.3 a 6.8 a 6.8 a 6.6 a 7.0 7.0 5.8 a 6.6 a 5.6 b 5.8 a
Dynamite Purple Rose White 4.8b 4.0 c 4.5 b 4.4 c 6.5NS 7.0 5.0 b 6.2 b 5.4 b 4.6 b
Best of class:  Baby Bingo Beaconsfield, PanAmerican Seed
Pansy - red class
Dynamite Scarlet 3.5 a 3.3 5.8 4.2 b 6.8 5.8 4.0 5.5 4.8 4.4
Scala Scarlet 4.0 a 4.0NS 6.0NS 4.7 a 7.0NS 7.0NS 4.5NS 6.2NS 5.4NS 4.4NS
Best of class:  Dynamite Scarlet, Sakata
Pansy - red with dark eye class
Baby Bingo Fire 4.5 a 3.3 6.5 a 4.8 a 7.0 6.8 a 6.0 a 6.6 a 5.7 a 4.6 a
Bingo Red W/B 3.5 bc 3.5 6.0 ab 4.3 ab 7.0 7.0 a 3.8c 5.9 b 5.1b 4.3 b
Dynamite Red W/B 3.5 bc 3.3 5.0 c 3.9 b 7.0 6.5 a 5.0 b 6.2 ab 5.0 b 4.3 b
Fama Red 3.8 abc 4.0 5.8 abc 4.5 a 7.0 7.0 a 4.8 b 6.2 ab 5.4 ab 4.5 a
Karma Red Blotch 4.3 ab 4.0 5.5 bc 4.6a 7.0 6.5 a 4.8 b 6.1 b 5.4 ab 4.7 a
Majestic Giant Supreme
     Red W/B 3.0 c 3.0NS 5.8 abc 3.9 b 7.0NS 4.3 b 3.0 d 4.8 c 4.3 c 3.8 c
Best of class:  Karma Red Blotch, Goldsmith Seed
Pansy -rose class
Karma Rose 3.5 4.0 6.0 4.5 7.0 7.0 4.8 6.2 5.4 4.6
Best of class:  Karma Rose, Goldsmith Seed - uncontested
Pansy - rose w/blotch class
Baby Bingo Rose Wing 4.8 b 4.8 bc 6.0 b 5.2 b 6.5 b 7.0 a 5.0 ab 6.2 a 5.7 b 5.1 a
Bingo Light Rose W/B 4.3 cd 5.3 b 5.8 b 5.1 b 7.0 a 7.0 a 3.8 c 5.9 a 5.5 bc 4.6 b
Bingo Rose W/B 4.5 bc 4.0 cd 6.0 b 4.9 bc 7.0 a 6.5 a 3.5 c 5.7 a 5.3 c 4.8 b
Bingo Rose Frost 6.8 a 6.8 a 7.0 a 6.9 a 6.0 c 7.0 a 5.5 a 6.2 a 6.5 a 5.3 a
Dynamite Rose W/B 3.5 cd 4.0 cd 5.8 b 4.4 cd 7.0 a 7.0 a 4.3 bc 6.1 a 5.3 c 4.4 c
Karma Rose Blotch 3.3 d 3.3 d 4.8 c 3.8 e 7.0 a 5.8 a 4.5 abc 5.7 a 4.8 d 4.3 c
Majestic Giant Supreme
     Rose W/B 3.3 d 3.3 d 6.0 b 4.2 de 7.0 a 3.5 b 2.0 d 4.2 b 4.2 e 3.9 d
Best of class:  Bingo Rose Frost, PanAmerican
Pansy - white class
Bingo Clear White 5.8 6.5 7.0 6.4 6.5 6.3 4.5 b 6.1 c 6.1 b 5.2 b
Dynamite White 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 5.3 ab 6.4 ab 6.4 ab 5.1b
Karma White 6.0 6.8 6.8 6.5 7.0 6.3 4.5 b 6.2 bc 6.2 b 5.1 b
Scala Pure White 6.0NS 6.5NS 7.0NS 6.5NS 7.0NS 7.0NS 6.0 a 6.7 a 6.6 a 5.6 a
Best of class:  Scala Pure White, PanAmerican
Pansy - white shades (cream) class
Scala Cream 4.5 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.8 6.5 5.3 6.2 5.8 5.0
Best of class:  Scala Cream, PanAmerican - uncontested
Pansy - white w/dark eye class
Bingo White W/B 5.3 5.8 5.8 b 5.6 b 7.0 6.8 4.8 ab 6.2 a 5.9 bc   5.0 b
Dynamite White W/B 5.3 5.8 6.0 b 5.7 b 7.0 5.8 6.0 b 5.4 b 5.5 c 4.7 bc
Fama Spanish Eyes 5.5 6.3 6.3 b 6.0 ab 7.0 7.0 5.0 a 6.3 a 6.2 ab 4.8 bc
Karma White Blotch 5.3 5.0 6.0 b 5.6 b 6.5 6.0 4.0 cd 5.5 b 5.6 c 4.6 c
Majestic Giant Supreme
     White W/B 4.8 5.8 6.0 b 5.5 b 6.8 6.5 4.3 bc 5.8 ab 5.7 c 4.9 bc
Scala White W/B 5.8NS 6.0NS 7.0 a 6.2 a 7.0NS 6.8NS 5.3 a 6.3 a 6.3 a 5.3 a
Best of class:  Scala White W/B, PanAmerican
Pansy - yellow class
Baby Bingo Yellow 4.5 b 4.5 ab 6.5 a 5.2 b 6.3 bc 6.0 ab 5.0 a 5.8 abc 5.5 ab 5.2 a
Bingo Clear Yellow 3.5 c 3.5 b 5.5 b 4.2 d 6.0 c 4.0 c 2.3 d 4.1 e 4.2 d 3.6 d
Dynamite Yellow 4.5 b 4.0 b 5.8 b 4.8 bc 6.8 ab 5.5 b 3.0 cd 5.1 cd 4.9 bc 4.6 bc
Fama Golden Yellow 4.3 bc 4.3 ab 6.0 ab 4.9 bc 7.0 a 6.0 ab 3.3 bcd 5.4 bc 5.1 bc 4.6 c
Karma Yellow 3.8 bc 4.3 ab 6.0 ab 4.7 cd 6.5 abc 3.8 c 3.5 bc 4.6 de 4.6 cd 4.5 c
Scala Primrose 6.0 a 5.3 a 6.5 a 5.9 a 6.5 abc 7.0 a 4.3 ab 5.9 ab 5.9 a 4.9 ab
Scala Yellow 3.5 c 4.0 b 6.0 ab 4.5 cd 6.5 abc 7.0 a 5.3 a 6.4 a 5.5 ab 4.9 ab
Best of class:  Baby Bingo Yellow, PanAmerican
Pansy - yellow w/blotch class
Baby Bingo Red & Yellow 4.8 b 4.0 bc 6.5 ab 5.1 bc 7.0 7.0 a 6.0 a 6.7 a 5.9 a 5.0 a
Bingo Yellow W/B 3.8 cd 3.3 de 6.5 ab 4.5 d 7.0 6.3 a 3.5 e 5.6 cd 5.1 b 4.4 de
Bingo Red and Yellow .3 bcd 5.0 a 6.5 ab 5.3 b 6.8 7.0 a 6.0 a 6.6 a 5.9 a 5.1 a
Dynamite Red & Yellow 3.8 cde 3.5 cde 5.5 c 4.3 d 7.0 7.0 a 5.5 ab 6.5 a 5.4 b 4.5 cd
Dynamite Yellow W/B 3.3 e 3.0 e 7.0 a 4.4 d 7.0 3.3 c 4.5 c 4.9 e 4.7 d 4.2 ef
Fama Dark Eyed Lemon 5.8 a 4.5 ab 7.0 a 5.8 a 7.0 7.0 a 5.0 bc 6.3 ab 6.1 a 4.9 ab
Karma Yellow Blotch 4.5 bc 3.3 de 6.0 bc 4.6 d 7.0 6.0 a 5.0 bc 6.0 bc 5.3 b 4.5 cd
Majestic Giant Supreme
     Yellow W/B 3.5 de 3.8 cd 6.0 bc 4.4 d 7.0 4.8 b 3.8 de 5.2 de 4.8 cd 4.1 f
Scala Yellow W/B 4.8 b 3.3 de 6.0 bc 4.7 cd 7.0NS 6.3 a 4.3 cd 5.9 c 5.3 b 4.8 bc
Scala Yellow w/Blue Wings 4.8 b 4.8 a 6.0 bc 5.2 bc 7.0NS 7.0 a 5.5 ab 6.5 a 5.8 a 4.7 c
Best of class:  Bingo Red & Yellow, PanAmerican
Viola (Viola cornuta L. and V. hybrida)
Viola - mix class
Penny Citrus Mix 5.0 6.8 6.0 5.9 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.2 5.5
Best of class:  Penny Mix Citrus, Ball Seed Company
Viola - orange class
Penny Orange 6.3 7.0 6.8 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.8 5.2
Best of class:  Penny Orange, Ball Seed Company
Viola - orange/purple class
Penny Orange Jump-Up 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.2 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.6 5.6
Best of class:  Penny Orange Jump-Up, Goldsmith Seeds
Viola - blue, dark class
Penny Deep Blue 4.8 a 4.8 5.8 a 5.1 a 7.0 a 7.0 7.0 a 7.0 a 6.1 a 5.4 a
Princess Blue 2.5 b 4.0NS 4.0 b 3.5 b 7.0NS 7.0NS 4.8 b 6.2 b 4.9 b 4.6 b
Best of class:  Penny Deep Blue, Goldsmith Seeds

Viola - purple, dark; red-violet/white/yellow class

Gemini Purple White 3.8 5.0 5.5 4.8 5.8 7.0 5.8 6.2 5.5 5.0
Best of class:  Gemini Purple White, Ball See Company

Viola - purple, light; red-violet/white class

Penny Orchid Frost 5.0 6.0 5.8 5.6 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 5.7
Best of class:  Penny Orchid Frost, Goldsmith Seeds
Viola - purple, light; blue-violet/light violet class
Penny Porcelain 6.3 6.5 7.0 6.6 6.3 7.0 6.0 6.4 6.5 5.7
Best of class:  Penny Porcelain, Goldsmith Seeds
Viola - purple, light; blue-violet/yellow class
Princess Lavender Yellow 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 5.8
Best of class:  Princess Lavender Yellow, PanAmerican
Viola - white class
Penny White 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 5.8 6.2 6.7 5.5
Best of class:  Penny White, Goldsmith Seeds
Pansy - white shades (cream) class
Princess Cream 5.8 6.0 6.0 5.9 4.8 7.0 3.5 5.1 5.5 5.1
Best of class:  Princess Cream, PanAmerican
Viola - yellow class
Princess Yellow 5.3 4.3 6.0 5.2   7.0 7.0 5.8 6.6 5.9 4.9
Best of class:  Princess Yellow, PanAmerican
Viola - yellow/purple class
Gemini Purple Yellow 3.5 b 4.8 b 6.0 4.8 b 7.0 7.0 5.5 b 6.5 b 5.6 c 5.2 b
Penny Yellow Jump-Up 4.0 b 5.3 b 6.0 5.1 b 7.0 7.0 6.8 a 6.9 a 6.0 b 5.5 a
Sorbet Lemon Swirl 5.8 a 6.5 a 6.3NS 6.2 a 7.0NS 7.0NS 5.5 b 6.5 b 6.4 a 5.7 a
Best of class:  Sorbet Lemon Swirl, Ball Seed Company

v Flower pest ratings for symptoms of feeding by arthropods and infestation by disease pathogens on a 1 to 7 scale:  7 - all flowers were free from arthropod feeding scares and diseased tissue in the form of spots, blights, or tissue distortion, symptomatic of play dysfunction caused by a pathogen;  4 - average foliage condition, minimal pest damage to tissue, but flowers were still acceptable;  1 - flowers severely infested and damage unacceptable, making flowers undesirable.
w Overall pest rating = (average arthropod + disease ratings for foliage)/2, where cultivars >5 considered outstanding, 4 to 4.9 as good performers, and < 3.9 as fair to poor.
x The formula for overall performance = [foliage and flower overall rating (Table 2) + overall pest rating/2].
y Mean separation within classes by LSD, P<0.05.
z "With Blotch" will be expressed as "W/B" throughout the remainder of this paper.