Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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Introduction
  • Tomato is the most important vegetable crop in Florida:
    • In 2003, more than US$600 million,
    • More than 30% of the total vegetable value.

  • Methyl bromide (MBr): Main fumigant for soilborne pest management.


  • However, MBr will be removed from the market in 2005.
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Introduction
  • The search for MBr alternatives has focused on:
    • 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin (Telone C-17 and C-35),
    • Metam sodium (Vapam).

  • Unfortunately, these fumigants alone cannot control most weeds.


  • These products combined with herbicides have been promising.
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Introduction
  • Pebulate (Tillam) and napropamide (Devrinol) have been successfully combined with fumigants.
    • Pebulate is not longer available.

  • Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) control remains as one of the main challenges.


  • Nematodes and Fusarium wilt are important problems.
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Introduction
  • There is no “one fits all” molecule to replace MBr.
  • Search involves:
    • University researchers,
    • Industry and growers,
    • Government agencies.
  • IR-4 Interregional Research Project.
  • Continuous research in many parts of the US.
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Objective
  • Compare soil fumigant and herbicide combinations for soilborne pest control in fresh tomato.
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Materials and Methods
  • Two field trials.
    • Gulf Coast REC, University of Florida.
    • Spring and Fall 2003.
    • EauGallie fine sand (Alfic Haplaquods, sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic).
    • 1.0% organic matter and pH 7.3.
  • Fields heavily infested by nutsedge (»150 plants/m2).
  • High nematode and Fusarium wilt pressure.
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Materials and Methods
  • Soil fumigants.
    • Methyl bromide (MBr),
    • Metam sodium (Vapam),
    • Chloropicrin,
    • 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin (Telone C-35),
    • Furfural (Multiguard Protect),
    • Furfural + isothiocyanate (Multiguard FFA),
    • Sodium azide (SEP 100),
    • Propozone,
    • Fosthiazate.
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Materials and Methods
  • Herbicides.
    • Pebulate (Tillam),


    • Napropamide (Devrinol),


    • Halosulfuron (Sandea),


    • Trifloxysulfuron (Envoke),


    • S-metolachlor (Dual Magnum).
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Fall 2003
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Fall 2003
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Materials and Methods
  • Data from two trials were combined.
    • Nutsedge densities (4, 7, 9, 12 WAT).
    • Tomato plant vigor (4, 8 WAT).
    • Fusarium wilt (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 WAT).
    • Nematode counts (16 WAT).
  • Friedman non-parametric test.


  • ANOVA and Waller-Duncan (5%).
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Fall 2003
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Fall 2003
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Fall 2003
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Summary
  • Most treatments performed similar to MBr.
    • Nematode populations were not significant.
    • There were differences in nutsedge and Fusarium wilt control that did not reflect on fresh yield.
    • There was a 37% yield reduction when no fumigants were applied.
  • Current research:
    • Improving application efficiency.
    • Testing new products.